kz;izg; nghd;dhf;Fq;;fs;

kz; ts Nkk;ghL

gaph;fspd; caph; ehb tskhd kz;jhd;. kz;iz tsg;gLj;jpdhy; kfj;jhd kf#iyg; ngwyhk;. kz;iz tsg;gLj;Jtjw;F gy;NtW Kiwfs; cs;sd. Mdhy; mtw;wpw;nfy;yhk; mbg;gilahf miktJ kz; ghpNrhjid vdg;gLk; kz; Ma;T.

kz; rj;Jf;fs;

kz;zpy; gaph;fSf;F Njitahd 13 Cl;lr;rj;Jf;fs; epiwe;Js;sd. mtw;wpy; 6 Cl;lr;rj;Jf;;;fs; kpf Kf;fpakhdit mit Ng&l;lr;rj;Jf;fs; vd miof;fg;gLfpd;wd.  mit jio (N)>  kzp (P)  rhk;gy; (K)>  fhy;rpak; (Ca) kf;dPrpak; (Mg) kw;Wk; ry;gh;(S) rj;Jf;fs;.

Ez;Dhl;lr; rj;Jf;fs;

,ijj; jtpuTk; kw;w rj;Jf;fs; gaph;fSf;F kpfr; rpwpa mstpy; Njitg;gLfpd;wd Mjyhy; mit Ez;Dhl;lr; rj;Jf;fs; vd miof;fg;gLfpd;wd

,Uk;G (Fe), khq;fdPR (Mn), Nghuhd; (B), [pq;f; (Zn) jhkpuk; (Cu)> khypgpdk; (Mb) kw;Wk; FNshupd; (Cl) Mfpait Ez;Dhl;lr; rj;Jf;fshFk;.

,jpy;

Ø iel;u[d; ,iyfspd; tsh;r;rpia Cf;fg;gLj;JfpwJ

Ø gh];gu]; Nth; kw;Wk; g+f;fspd; tsh;r;rpf;F Jdz GhpfpwJ.

Ø nghl;lhrpak; gapUf;F jplj;jd;ikia mspf;fpwJ. 

,e;jr; rj;Jf;fs; Njitahd msT ,Ue;jhy; gaph; MNuhf;fpakhf tsUk;.  ,tw;wpy; VnjDk; xd;W Fiwe;jhYk; gaph;fspd; tsh;r;rp jilgLk;.

cjhuzkhf iel;u[d; rj;J Fiwghl;bdhy; gaph;fspd; tsh;r;rp Fiwe;Jk; ,iyfs; epwkpoe;Jk; fhzg;gLk;.

,Uk;Gr;rj;J Fiwghl;bdhy; GJ ,iyfs; $l kQ;rs; epwkhfp tpLk;.

,e;jr; rj;Jf; FiwghLfis rkd; nra;tjw;fhfj;jhd;  cuq;;fs; jahupf;fg;gLfpd;wd.

cuq;;fs;

nghJthf cuq;fs; ,aw;if kw;Wk; nraw;if cuq;fs; vd ,U tifg;gLfpd;;wd. NkYk;  nraw;if Kiwapy; jahhpf;fg;gl;lhYk; ,aw;if Kiwapy; jahhpf;fg;gl;lhYk; cuq;fs; cuq;fNs. mtw;wpd; Fzj;jpy; ve;j khWjYk; Vw;gLtJ ,y;iy. Mdhy; vt;tsT fhyj;Jf;F mJ ePbj;J gapUf;F Njitahd Cl;lr;rj;Jf;fis mspf;fpwJ  vd;gjpy; jhd; NtWgLfpwJ. gapUf;F Njitahd Neuj;jpy;jhd; mJ Njitg;gLk; rj;Jf;fis vLj;Jf; nfhs;Sk;. mJtiu me;jr; rj;Jf;fs; fhw;wpy; fiuahky; ePhpdhy; mbj;Jr; nry;yg;glhky; ,Uf;f ntz;Lk;. ,e;j tifapy; mq;;ff cuq;;fs; ePz;l fhyk; epiyj;jpUe;J gapUf;;;;F Njitahd rj;Jf;fis mspf;fpd;wd. ,jdhy; tptrhapfSf;F cur;nryT Fiwe;J mjpf kf#y; fpilf;fpwJ. vdNtjhd; mq;ff Ntshz;ikia muR Cf;Ftpj;J 50  rjtpfpjk; tiu khdpak; toq;FfpwJ.

kz; ghpNrhjid nra;J nfhs;Sq;fs;

nghJthf tptrhapfSf;F kf#y; mjpfhpf;f cuk; NghlNtz;Lnkd;W njhpAk;. Mdhy; ve;j gapUf;F> ve;j cuj;ij> ve;j mstpy;> vg;NghJ Nghl Ntz;Lnkd;W njhptjpy;iy.

,tw;iw Kiwahf njhpe;J nfhz;L Kiwahf tptrhak; nra;jhy;  tptrhaj;jpy; ntw;wp fpilf;Fk;. tptrhapf;Fk; nghUshjhu epiyapy; Kd;Ndw;wk; Vw;gLk;. ,tw;iw gw;wp Kiwahd jfty;fis jUtJjhd; kz; ghpNrhjid.

vdNt kz; ghpNrhjid nra;jhy; epiwthd kf#Yf;F toptFf;Fk;. kz; ghpNrhjid nra;j gpwF me;j epyj;jpy; ve;j tifahd cuk; ,l Ntz;Lk; vd jPh;khdpf;f Ntz;Lk;.

kz; ghpNrhjid nra;ahky; cukpLtJ vd;gJ fLikahd fha;r;rYf;F kUj;Jthplk; MNyhrid Nfl;fhky; ehNk kUe;J thq;fp rhg;gpLtjw;F rkkhFk;. vdNt kz; ghNrhjid nra;tJ kpfTk; mtrpakhfpwJ.

kz; ghpNrhjid nra;tjhy; ehk; ekJ epyj;jpd; jd;ikia mwpe;J nfhs;s KbfpwJ. ekJ epyj;jpy; cs;s

·        Ng&l;lr;rj;Jf;fs;

·        Ed;Dhl;lr;rj;Jf;fs;

·        kz; eak;

·        Rz;zhk;G epiy

·        cg;gpd; epiy

·        fhu-mkpy epiy

Mfpatw;iw ehk; njhpe;J nfhs;s KbfpwJ. ,J kl;Lkd;wp ekJ kz;zpd; jd;ikf;Nfw;g cug;ghpe;JiufisAk; ek; Njitf;nfw;g ngw;Wf; nfhs;syhk;.  ,jw;F ekJ epyj;jpy; ,Ue;J kz; khjphpfis vLj;J mUfpy; cs;s kz; Ma;T epiyaj;jpy; nfhLj;J ghpNrhjid nra;J nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.

kz; khjphp vLf;Fk; Kiw

Kjypy; kz;khjphp vLf;fg; NghFk; ,lj;ij Nkyhf Ruz;btpl;L kz;ntl;bahy; ’V’ tbtj;jpy; ntl;l Ntz;Lk;.  gpwF ntl;ba ,lj;jpy; cs;s kz;iz vLj;J mg;Gwg;gLj;jptpl;L gf;fhtl;by; cs;s kz;iz Ruz;b vLf;f Ntz;Lk;.  ,t;thW xU Vf;fUf;F Rkhh; 10 ,lq;fspy; vLf;f Ntz;Lk;.  ,t;thW vLf;Fk; kz;zpid ed;whf fye;J tl;lkhf gug;gp cyu itj;J mij ehd;F ghfkhf  gphpj;J vjph; vjph; ghfj;ij ePf;fptpl Ntz;Lk;. ,t;thW ½ fpNyh tUk; tiu nra;a Ntz;Lk;.  ,e;j Kiwf;F fhy; Fiwg;G Kiw (Quartering method) vd;W ngah;. ,t;thW Nrfhpj;j kz; khjphpia xU ghyPjPd; igapy; milj;J mUfpy; cs;s kz; ghpNrhjid ikaj;jpy; xg;gilf;f Ntz;Lk;. kz; khjphp nfhLf;Fk; NghJ  mjpy; ,izf;fg;gl Ntz;ba tpguq;;fs;

·        tptrhapapd; ngah; kw;Wk; Kfthp

·        epyj;jpd; rHNt vz;> fpuhkk;> gpshf;> jhYf;fh kw;wk; khtl;lk;

·        nrd;w gUtj;jpy; gaphplg;gl;l gaph;

·        cu rpghhpR Njitg;gLk; gaph;

·        ghrd Kiw (MW> Fsk;> fpzW)

NkYk; tptrhaj;jpw;F gad;gLk; ePiuAk; Ma;T nra;a Ntz;Lk;. fpzw;W ePh; Foha; ePh; tbKidf; Foha; fpzw;W ePiuAk; Ma;T nra;J ghrdk; nra;tJ ey;yJ. 

kz; khjphp vLf;Fk; NghJ ftdpf;f Ntz;bait

·        vU Ftpj;j ,lq;fspy; vLf;f$lhJ

·        epoypy; vLf;f $lhJ

·        gs;sj;jpy; vLf;f $lhJ

·        jz;zPh; Njq;fpAs;s ,lq;fspy; vLf;f $lhJ

·        cuk; Nghl;lTld; vLf;f $lhJ

Ma;tpd; ed;ikfs;

kz; Ma;T nra;tjpd; Kyk; ehk;

·        ekJ epyj;jpd; jd;ik

·        ekJ epyj;jpy; vd;ndd;d rj;Jf;fs; cs;sd

·        vd;ndd;d rj;Jf;fs; Fiwthf cs;sd

·        vd;d gaph; nra;jhy; mjpf yhgk; ngwyhk; my;yJ

ehk; Njh;T nra;j gapUf;F ekJ epyj;jpd; jd;ikf;Nfw;g ve;j cuj;jpid  vd;d mstpy; vg;nghJ ,l Ntz;Lk; Nghd;w tpguq;;fis njhpe;J nfhs;syhk;.

vdNt tptrhapfNs. kz; Ma;T nra;Aq;fs; kz;izg; nghd;dhf;Fq;fs;.